This is the controlling term inventory for the current Facial and Oral Anatomy materials. It includes every relevant term named in AFM-V1 sections 3.1-3.50 and the labels shown in Figures 3.1-3.28. The AFM numbering identifies the source; it does not define the study curriculum. Terms are not omitted simply because they seem less likely to appear on an examination.
Use the index to:
Open the AFM source: Overview of Anatomy
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomy | Language and study of body structures | 3.1 | Text |
| Anterior | Toward the front | 3.2.1 | Text |
| Posterior | Toward the back | 3.2.1 | Text |
| Internal / medial | Closer to the midsagittal plane | 3.2.2 | Text |
| External / lateral | Farther from the midsagittal plane | 3.2.2 | Text |
| Long axis | Longitudinal center line of a body or part | 3.2.3 | Text |
| Plane | Real or imaginary slice through a structure | 3.3 | Text |
| Section / view | Surface or perspective produced by a plane | 3.3 | Text |
| Sagittal plane | Divides right and left parts | 3.3.1, Figure 3.1 | Text, visual |
| Midsagittal plane | Divides equal right and left sides | 3.3.1, Figure 3.1 | Text, visual |
| Frontal plane | Divides anterior and posterior parts | 3.3.2, Figure 3.1 | Text, visual |
| Transverse / horizontal plane | Divides upper and lower parts | 3.3.3, Figure 3.2 | Text, visual |
| Tubercle | Small raised bony area | 3.4.1 | Text |
| Eminence | Raised bony area; memorize the named landmark | 3.4.1 | Text |
| Tuberosity | Raised bony area; memorize the named landmark | 3.4.1 | Text |
| Ridge | Linear elevation on bone or tooth | 3.4.2 | Text, dental application |
| Process | Prominent projection from a bone | 3.4.3 | Text |
| Condyle | Rounded, smooth surface participating in a movable joint | 3.4.4 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Fovea | Shallow cup-shaped depression or pit | 3.5.1 | Text |
| Fossa | Broader rounded depression in bone | 3.5.2 | Text |
| Canal | Tubular passage through bone | 3.5.3 | Text |
| Foramen | Entrance or exit opening of a bony canal | 3.5.3 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Synarthrosis | Essentially immovable joint, such as a suture | 3.6.1 | Text |
| Suture | Irregular joint line joining skull bones | 3.6.1 | Text, visual |
| Ginglymodiarthrodial joint | Freely movable hinge-and-gliding joint; the TMJ | 3.6.2 | Text, dental application |
| Ellipsoidal joint | Two-axis joint between occipital bone and first vertebra | 3.6.3 | Text |
Open AFM Section 3B: Bony Anatomy of the Head · Open AFM Section 3C: Cranial and Facial Bones
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skull | Bony framework of the head; 22 bones | 3.7 | Text, visual |
| Cranial portion | Upper dome-shaped portion of skull | 3.7 | Text |
| Facial portion | Orbits, nasal cavities, and jaws | 3.7 | Text, visual |
| Cranium | Eight-bone shell enclosing the brain | 3.8 | Text |
| Cranial vault | Arched roof of cranial cavity | 3.8 | Text |
| Cranial base | Floor of cranial cavity | 3.8 | Text |
| Frontal bone | Single anterior cranial bone; roof of orbits | 3.8, 3.11, Figures 3.3-3.5 | Text, visual |
| Parietal bones | Paired bones forming much of cranial top and sides | 3.8, 3.12, Figures 3.3-3.5 | Text, visual |
| Occipital bone | Unpaired posterior cranial bone | 3.8, Figure 3.3 | Text, visual |
| Temporal bones | Paired lateral/base bones containing TMJ landmarks | 3.8, 3.13, Figures 3.3-3.5 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Sphenoid bone | Unpaired central cranial-base bone with wings and pterygoid processes | 3.8, 3.14, Figures 3.3-3.7 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Ethmoid bone | Unpaired cranial bone contributing to orbit and nasal region | 3.8, Figure 3.3 | Text, visual |
| Maxillae | Paired upper jawbones | 3.9, 3.15 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Palatine bones | Paired bones contributing to nasal cavity, orbit, and posterior hard palate | 3.9, 3.16 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Zygomas | Paired cheek-region facial bones | 3.9, 3.17 | Text, visual |
| Lacrimal bones | Paired facial bones in the medial orbit | 3.9, Figure 3.3 | Visual / figure label |
| Nasal bones | Paired facial bones of nasal bridge region | 3.9, Figure 3.3 | Visual / figure label |
| Inferior conchae | Paired facial bones within nasal cavities | 3.9, Figure 3.3 | Visual / figure label |
| Vomer | Single facial bone contributing to nasal septum | 3.9, Figure 3.3 | Visual / figure label |
| Mandible | Single movable lower jawbone | 3.9, 3.18 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Temporal line | Frontal/parietal ridge continuing into superior and inferior lines | 3.11-3.12, Figure 3.4 | Text, visual |
| Superior temporal line | Upper boundary associated with temporalis origin | 3.12 | Text, visual |
| Inferior temporal line | Lower temporal-line continuation | 3.12 | Text, visual |
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mastoid process | Rounded inferior projection for neck-muscle attachment | 3.13.1, Figures 3.4-3.5 | Text, visual |
| Styloid process | Slender inferior projection for muscles and ligaments | 3.13.2, Figures 3.4-3.5 | Text, visual |
| Zygomatic process of temporal bone | Posterior component of zygomatic arch | 3.13.3 | Text, visual |
| Glenoid / mandibular fossa | Temporal-bone hollow receiving mandibular condyle | 3.13.4, 3.43 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Articular eminence | Anterior ramp guiding condylar translation | 3.13.5, 3.44 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Auditory canal / external auditory meatus | Opening posterior to glenoid fossa leading toward ear | 3.13.6, Figure 3.5 | Text, visual |
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body of sphenoid | Central portion at skull base | 3.14 | Text |
| Greater wings | Lateral processes contributing to cranium and orbit | 3.14.1 | Text, visual |
| Lesser wings | Paired sphenoid processes | 3.14 | Figure-related term |
| Spine of sphenoid | Attachment for sphenomandibular ligament | 3.14.2, 3.50.2 | Text, dental application |
| Pterygoid processes | Inferior paired processes; pterygoid-muscle origins | 3.14.3, Figures 3.5-3.8 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Pterygoid plates | Two plates forming each pterygoid process | 3.14.3 | Text |
| Pterygoid fossa | Depression between pterygoid plates | 3.14.3 | Text |
| Pterygoid hamulus | Hooklike landmark shown adjacent to posterior maxilla | Figures 3.6-3.8 | Visual / figure label; technical review |
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body of maxilla | Central mass of each maxilla | 3.15 | Text |
| Nasal / frontal process | Maxillary process forming part of lateral nasal wall | 3.15.1, Figure 3.6, Figure 3.7 | Text, visual |
| Zygomatic process of maxilla | Anterior component joining zygoma | 3.15.2, Figures 3.4, 3.6 | Text, visual |
| Alveolar process of maxilla | Bone surrounding maxillary tooth roots | 3.15.3, Figures 3.6, 3.8 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Maxillary arch | Combined right and left alveolar processes | 3.15.3 | Text, dental application |
| Maxillary tuberosity | Distal termination of maxillary arch/ridge | 3.15.3, 3.37.2 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Pterygomaxillary / hamular notch | Depression posterior to tuberosity; posterior denture-border guide | 3.15.3, 3.37.3 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Canine / cuspid eminence | Prominent labial bone over maxillary canine root | 3.15.3, Figures 3.4-3.6, 3.18 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Incisive fossa | Depression shown on anterior maxilla | Figures 3.5-3.6 | Visual / figure label; technical review |
| Palatine process of maxilla | Forms anterior two-thirds of hard palate | 3.15.4, Figures 3.7-3.8 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Median palatine suture | Midline union of right and left palatine processes | 3.15.4, Figure 3.8 | Text, visual |
| Incisive foramen | Midline opening behind central incisors | 3.15.4, Figures 3.7-3.8 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Maxillary sinus opening | Opening shown on medial maxilla | Figure 3.7 | Visual / figure label; technical review |
| Horizontal plate of palatine bone | Forms posterior one-third of hard palate | 3.16.2, Figures 3.7-3.8 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Transverse palatine suture | Junction between palatine plates and maxillary palatine processes | 3.16.2, Figure 3.8 | Text, visual |
| Greater palatine foramen | Posterolateral palatal opening shown in Figure 3.8 | Figure 3.8 | Visual / figure label; technical review |
| Lesser palatine foramen | Smaller posterior palatal opening shown in Figure 3.8 | Figure 3.8 | Visual / figure label; technical review |
| Zygomatic arch | Maxillary process + zygoma + temporal process | 3.13.3, 3.15.2, 3.17 | Text, visual, muscle origin |
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body | Horizontal horseshoe-shaped portion | 3.18.4, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual |
| Ramus / rami | Vertical posterior projections | 3.18.4, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual, muscle attachment |
| Mandibular angle | Junction of body and ramus | 3.18.5, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual |
| Alveolar process of mandible | Surrounds lower tooth roots; forms mandibular arch | 3.18.6, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Coronoid process | Anterior superior ramus process; temporalis insertion | 3.18.6, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual, functional anatomy |
| Condyloid process | Posterior superior process divided into neck and condyle | 3.18.6, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual, TMJ |
| Condyle | Superior joint surface | 3.18.6, 3.45 | Text, visual, TMJ |
| Neck of condyle | Narrow part below condyle; lateral-pterygoid insertion area | 3.18.6, 3.21.4.2 | Text, visual, functional anatomy |
| Mandibular notch | U-shaped depression between coronoid and condyloid processes | 3.18.6, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual |
| Mental protuberance | Midline chin prominence | 3.18.7.1 | Text, visual |
| Mental foramen | Anterior opening of mandibular canal; mental-nerve exit | 3.18.7.2, 3.38.4 | Text, visual, relief |
| Mandibular canal | Passage carrying inferior alveolar nerve | 3.18.7.2 | Text, dental application |
| Inferior alveolar nerve | Nerve within mandibular canal | 3.18.7.2 | Text, dental application |
| Mental nerve | Terminal nerve exiting mental foramen | 3.18.7.2 | Text, dental application |
| External oblique ridge / line | External ridge extending from ramus onto body | 3.18.7.3, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual |
| Buccal shelf | Ledge associated with external oblique ridge; denture support | 3.18.7.3, 3.38.3 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Mylohyoid ridge / internal oblique line | Internal ridge; mylohyoid origin | 3.18.8.1, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual, functional anatomy |
| Genial tubercles | Midline lingual projections; geniohyoid attachment | 3.18.8.2, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual, functional anatomy |
| Sublingual fossa | Depression housing part of sublingual gland | 3.18.8.3, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual |
| Mandibular foramen | Medial ramus entrance to mandibular canal | 3.18.8.4, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual |
| Lingula | Prominence at anterior border of mandibular foramen | 3.18.8.5, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual, ligament attachment |
| Digastric fovea | Paired depression near inferior lingual mandibular border | 3.18.8.6, Figure 3.9 | Text, visual, muscle attachment |
| Hyoid bone | U-shaped suspended bone for tongue/depressor attachments | 3.19 | Text, visual, functional anatomy |
Open the AFM source: Muscles of Mastication and Mandibular Depressors
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle fiber | Contractile cell responding to nerve stimulation | 3.20.1 | Text |
| Contraction | Shortening that produces pull | 3.20.1-3.20.2 | Text, functional anatomy |
| Antagonism | Opposing action produced by another muscle | 3.20.2 | Text |
| Origin | Relatively stationary attachment | 3.20.3 | Text |
| Insertion | Attachment showing greater movement | 3.20.3 | Text |
| Action | Movement resulting from contraction | 3.20.3 | Text |
| Elevation / closure | Upward mandibular movement | 3.20.4, 3.21 | Functional anatomy, occlusion |
| Depression / opening | Downward mandibular movement | 3.20.4, 3.22 | Functional anatomy |
| Protrusion | Forward mandibular movement | 3.20.4, 3.21.4 | Functional anatomy, occlusion |
| Retrusion | Backward mandibular movement | 3.20.4, 3.21.2 | Functional anatomy, occlusion |
| Lateral excursion | Right or left mandibular movement | 3.20.4, 3.21.3-3.21.4 | Functional anatomy, occlusion |
| Masseter | Zygomatic-arch origin; lateral-ramus insertion; closes jaw | 3.21.1, Figure 3.10 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Temporalis | Temporal origin; coronoid insertion; closes and retrudes | 3.21.2, Figure 3.10 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Medial pterygoid | Palatine/pterygoid origin; medial-ramus insertion; closes jaw | 3.21.3, Figure 3.11 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Lateral pterygoid | Sphenoid origin; condyloid-neck insertion; protrusion/lateral movement | 3.21.4, Figure 3.12 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Mylohyoid | Mandibular mylohyoid lines to midline/hyoid; floor of mouth | 3.22.1, Figures 3.13-3.14 | Text, visual, denture border |
| Geniohyoid | Genial tubercles to hyoid | 3.22.2, Figure 3.13 | Text, visual |
| Digastric | Anterior/posterior bellies joined by intermediate tendon | 3.22.3, Figure 3.14 | Text, visual |
| Digastric anterior belly | Digastric fovea attachment | 3.22.3 | Text, visual |
| Digastric posterior belly | Mastoid-process attachment | 3.22.3 | Text, visual |
| Digastric intermediate tendon / fascial loop | Connection associated with hyoid | 3.22.3, Figure 3.14 | Text, visual |
Open the AFM source: Facial Expression Muscles
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orbicularis oris | Ring muscle closing lips; forms oral entrance | 3.24, Figure 3.15, Figure 3.16 | Text, visual, prosthetic contour |
| Levator labii superioris | Elevates upper lip | 3.25, Figure 3.15 | Text, visual, border movement |
| Zygomaticus major | Draws mouth angle laterally and upward | 3.26, Figure 3.15 | Text, visual, border movement |
| Zygomaticus minor | Labeled in facial-expression figure | Figure 3.15 | Visual / figure label; technical review |
| Levator anguli oris | Elevates angle of mouth and assists closure | 3.27, Figure 3.15 | Text, visual, border movement |
| Risorius | Draws mouth angle laterally | 3.28, Figure 3.15 | Text, visual, border movement |
| Depressor labii inferioris | Depresses and inverts lower lip | 3.29, Figure 3.15 | Text, visual, border movement |
| Depressor anguli oris | Muscle at lower mouth angle; verify action wording before final card | 3.30, Figure 3.15 | Text, visual, technical review |
| Mentalis | Wrinkles chin and draws tissue toward lower anterior teeth | 3.31, Figure 3.15 | Text, visual, anterior contour |
| Buccinator | Forms cheek wall; holds food between teeth | 3.32, Figures 3.15-3.16 | Text, visual, polished surface |
| Pterygomandibular raphe | Buccinator origin structure from tuberosity region to mylohyoid line | 3.32.2 | Text, visual candidate |
| Platysma | Draws mouth corners down and assists mandibular depression | 3.33 | Text, functional anatomy |
Open the AFM source: Intraoral Soft Tissue Anatomy
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral mucous membrane / mucosa | Tissue lining the mouth | 3.34.2, 3.35 | Text, dental application |
| Stable mucosa | Firmly attached tissue suitable for prosthetic support | 3.34.2-3.34.3 | Text, dental application |
| Mobile mucosa | Tissue over active muscles; must be accommodated | 3.34.2-3.34.3 | Text, dental application |
| Gingiva | Tissue covering crestal three-fourths of alveolar process | 3.35.1.1 | Text, visual |
| Free / marginal gingiva | Unattached gingiva at tooth neck | 3.35.1.1, Figure 3.17 | Text, visual |
| Attached gingiva | Gingiva tightly bound to bone | 3.35.1.1, Figure 3.17 | Text, visual, support |
| Alveolar mucosa | Mobile mucosa over basal one-fourth of alveolar process | 3.35.1.2, Figure 3.17 | Text, visual, border movement |
| Gingival sulcus | Crevice around tooth shown in Figure 3.17 | Figure 3.17 | Visual / figure label |
| Gingival line | Gingival landmark shown in Figure 3.17 | Figure 3.17 | Visual / figure label; technical review |
| Mucogingival junction | Boundary between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa | Figure 3.17 | Visual / figure label |
| Epithelial attachment | Tooth-gingiva attachment shown in Figure 3.17 | Figure 3.17 | Visual / figure label; technical review |
| Lamina dura | Dense socket-lining bone shown in Figure 3.17 | Figure 3.17 | Visual / figure label; covered elsewhere |
| Spongy bone | Cancellous bone shown in Figure 3.17 | Figure 3.17 | Visual / figure label; covered elsewhere |
| Lingual cortical plate | Dense lingual plate shown in Figure 3.17 | Figure 3.17 | Visual / figure label; covered elsewhere |
| Vestibule | Potential space between teeth/ridge and lips, cheeks, or tongue | 3.36 | Text, visual, impression borders |
| Labial vestibule | Vestibular space in front of the arch | Figures 3.19-3.21 | Visual, impression borders |
| Buccal vestibule | Vestibular space lateral to posterior arch | Figures 3.19-3.21 | Visual, impression borders |
| Lingual vestibule | Space between mandibular ridge/teeth and tongue | Figures 3.20 | Visual, impression borders |
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alveolar / residual ridge | Post-extraction remnant of alveolar process; resorbs | 3.37.1 | Text, visual, support |
| Hard palate | Bone-supported anterior two-thirds of palatal vault | 3.37.4.1 | Text, visual, support |
| Soft palate | Mobile muscular posterior one-third | 3.37.4.2 | Text, visual, posterior border |
| Uvula | Posterior palatal landmark named in palate description | 3.37.4 | Text / orientation |
| Incisive papilla | Tissue over incisive foramen; anterior-tooth positioning guide | 3.37.5, Figure 3.19 | Text, visual, tooth position |
| Rugae | Fibrous ridges in anterior hard palate | 3.37.6, Figure 3.19 | Text, visual |
| Median palatine raphe | Midline tissue elevation over palatine suture | 3.37.7, Figure 3.19 | Text, visual |
| Vibrating line | Flexion line between hard and soft palates | 3.37.8, Figure 3.19 | Text, visual, posterior border |
| Palatine foveae | Paired gland-related depressions near vibrating line | 3.37.9, Figure 3.19 | Text, visual, posterior border |
| Labial frenum | Midline fold from lip to ridge; requires border accommodation | 3.37.10, Figure 3.19, Figure 3.21 | Text, visual, border notch |
| Buccal frenum | Paired cheek-to-ridge folds near premolar region | 3.37.11, Figures 3.19, 3.21 | Text, visual, border notch |
| Sulcus | Groove where mucosa reflects at ridge base | 3.37.12 | Text, visual, impression border |
| Labial sulcus | Sulcus between labial and buccal frena | 3.37.12, Figure 3.19 | Text, visual |
| Buccal sulcus | Sulcus between buccal frenum and pterygomaxillary notch | 3.37.12, Figure 3.19 | Text, visual |
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mandibular residual ridge | Post-extraction alveolar-process remnant | 3.38.1 | Text, visual, support |
| Retromolar pad | Stable posterior soft-tissue pad | 3.38.2, Figure 3.18, Figure 3.20, Figure 3.22 | Text, visual, support/occlusal plane |
| Occlusal plane | Plane of maxillary-mandibular tooth contact; intersects retromolar pads | 3.38.2.1, Figure 3.22 | Text, visual, tooth setup |
| Relief | Space under denture to reduce pressure on a structure | 3.38.4.2 | Text, dental application |
| Lingual frenum | Midline floor-of-mouth fold | 3.38.5, Figure 3.20 | Text, visual, border notch |
| Mandibular labial sulcus | Sulcus between labial and buccal frena | 3.38.6, Figure 3.20 | Text, visual |
| Mandibular buccal sulcus | Sulcus from buccal frenum to retromolar-pad region | 3.38.6, Figure 3.20 | Text, visual |
| Lingual sulcus | Groove where floor of mouth turns onto lingual ridge | 3.38.6, Figure 3.20 | Text, visual, lingual border |
| Floor of mouth | Dynamic tissue floor formed mainly by mylohyoids | 3.38.7, Figure 3.20 | Text, visual, lingual border |
| Retromylohyoid space | Posterior one-third of lingual-sulcus area | 3.38.7, Figure 3.20 | Text, visual, distolingual border |
| Palatoglossus muscle | Distal muscle shaping retromylohyoid region | 3.38.7, Figure 3.20 | Text, visual candidate |
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tongue | Muscular organ affecting speech, mastication, taste, and prosthesis stability | 3.39.1 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Intrinsic tongue muscles | Change tongue shape | 3.39.2.1, Figure 3.23 | Text, visual |
| Transverse muscle | Intrinsic muscle labeled in Figure 3.23 | Figure 3.23 | Visual / figure label |
| Superior longitudinal muscle | Intrinsic muscle labeled in Figure 3.23 | Figure 3.23 | Visual / figure label |
| Vertical muscle | Intrinsic muscle labeled in Figure 3.23 | Figure 3.23 | Visual / figure label |
| Inferior longitudinal muscle | Intrinsic muscle labeled in Figure 3.23 | Figure 3.23 | Visual / figure label |
| Extrinsic tongue muscles | Move tongue mass | 3.39.2.2, Figure 3.24 | Text, visual |
| Genioglossus | Extrinsic tongue muscle labeled in Figure 3.24 | Figure 3.24 | Visual / figure label |
| Styloglossus | Extrinsic tongue muscle labeled in Figure 3.24 | Figure 3.24 | Visual / figure label |
| Hyoglossus | Extrinsic tongue muscle labeled in Figure 3.24 | Figure 3.24 | Visual / figure label |
| Dorsum of tongue | Superior tongue surface labeled in Figure 3.24 | Figure 3.24 | Visual / figure label |
| Parotid gland | Major gland anterior/inferior to ear | 3.40.1.1, Figure 3.25 | Text, visual |
| Parotid / Stensen's duct | Opens opposite maxillary second molar | 3.40.1.1, Figures 3.16, 3.25 | Text, visual, oral landmark |
| Parotid papilla | Tissue elevation marking parotid-duct opening | 3.40.1.1 | Text, visual candidate |
| Submandibular / submaxillary gland | Major gland around posterior mylohyoid edge | 3.40.1.2, Figure 3.25 | Text, visual |
| Submandibular / Wharton's duct | Opens onto floor of mouth | 3.40.1.2, Figure 3.25 | Text, visual |
| Sublingual gland | Major gland above mylohyoid in sublingual fossa | 3.40.1.3, Figure 3.25 | Text, visual |
| Sublingual / Bartholin's duct | Opens independently or joins submandibular duct | 3.40.2 | Text |
| Sublingual / salivary caruncles | Elevated mucosal lines bearing duct openings | 3.40.2, Figures 3.20, 3.25 | Text, visual |
| Minor duct openings | Small gland openings shown in Figure 3.25 | Figure 3.25 | Visual / figure label |
| Minor palatine salivary glands | Glands beneath posterior hard/soft-palate mucosa | 3.41, Figure 3.26 | Text, visual candidate |
Open the AFM source: Temporomandibular Joint
| Term | What to know | AFM source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temporomandibular joint / TMJ | Paired joints connecting mandible to skull | 3.42 | Text, visual, dental application |
| Hinge movement | Ordinary opening/closing with condyle in fossa | 3.42.2-3.43 | Text, occlusion |
| Translation | Condyle/disc movement onto articular eminence | 3.44-3.46 | Text, occlusion |
| Protrusive movement | Both condyles move onto eminences | 3.44 | Text, dental application |
| Lateral movement | One condyle comparatively remains while other moves onto eminence | 3.44 | Text, dental application |
| Mandibular condyle | Oval/kidney-shaped end of condyloid process | 3.45, Figure 3.27 | Text, visual |
| Articular disc | Fibrocartilage pad and shock absorber moving with condyle | 3.46, Figure 3.27 | Text, visual |
| Synovial cavities / joint compartments | Spaces above and below articular disc | 3.47, Figure 3.27 | Text, visual |
| Upper synovial cavity | Between disc and glenoid fossa | 3.47 | Text, visual |
| Lower synovial cavity | Between disc and condyle | 3.47 | Text, visual |
| Synovial membrane | Joint-cavity lining | 3.48 | Text |
| Synovial fluid | Lubricating liquid produced by synovial lining | 3.48 | Text |
| Capsule / articular capsule | Major TMJ ligamentous sleeve | 3.49, Figures 3.27-3.28 | Text, visual |
| Temporomandibular ligament | Anterior thickening of capsule, not separate in AFM description | 3.49.2, Figure 3.28 | Text, visual |
| Auxiliary ligaments | Structures restricting condylar range and preventing dislocation | 3.50 | Text, visual |
| Stylomandibular ligament | Styloid process to posterior ramus near angle | 3.50.1, Figure 3.28 | Text, visual |
| Sphenomandibular ligament | Sphenoid spine to lingula near mandibular foramen | 3.50.2, Figure 3.28 | Text, visual |