This set contains 140 CDT-focused active-recall cards generated from the same records used for the downloadable Anki file.
Read the question, answer aloud, and then expand the card. Connect each structure to dental communication, mandibular function, impressions, occlusion, prosthetic support, relief, tooth position, or restoration contour when the source supports that relationship. If your answer was incomplete, review the cited AFM section before continuing.
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Toward the front.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.2.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Toward the back.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.2.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Medial or internal.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.2.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Lateral or external.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.2.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
It divides a body into right and left parts.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.3.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
It divides the body into equal right and left sides.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.3.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
It divides a body into anterior and posterior parts.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.3.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
It divides a body into upper and lower parts.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.3.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Ridge.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.4.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
A prominent projection from the central mass of a bone.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.4.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
A rounded, convex, smooth surface on a bone that forms part of a movable joint.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.4.4 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
A fovea is a shallow, cup-shaped depression or pit; a fossa is a broader, usually rounded depression in bone.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.5.1-3.5.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
An entrance or exit opening associated with a canal through bone.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.5.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
A synarthrosis, or essentially immovable joint.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.6.1 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
A freely movable gliding and hinge joint; it specifically describes the temporomandibular joint.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.6.2 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
Twenty-two: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.7 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
Frontal, paired parietals, occipital, paired temporals, sphenoid, and ethmoid.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.8 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The vomer and mandible.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.9 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The frontal bone. It forms the anterior cranial vault, the roof of the eye sockets, and a small part of the nasal cavity.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.11 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The paired parietal bones, located between the occipital and frontal bones.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.12 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The temporalis muscle.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.12 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The glenoid or mandibular fossa and the articular eminence.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.13, 3.42-3.44 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The greater wing. It contributes to the cranium anterior to the temporal bone and to the eye socket.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.14.1 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The joined palatine processes of the maxillae form the anterior two-thirds of the hard palate.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.15.4 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The horizontal plates of the palatine bones form the posterior one-third of the hard palate.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.16 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The zygomatic process of the maxilla, the zygoma, and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.17 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
It shapes the lower face, provides muscle-attachment sites, forms the framework for the floor of the mouth, and supports the lower natural teeth.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.1 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The approximately vertical posterior portion extending upward from the body on each side.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The mandibular notch, a deep U-shaped depression between the two processes.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The coronoid process receives the temporalis insertion.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18, 3.21.2 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The mandibular foramen lies near the center of the internal or medial surface of the mandibular ramus.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18, 3.50.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The hyoid does not articulate directly with another bone; muscles suspend it between the mandible and clavicle region.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.19 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.21 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
On the lateral surface of the ramus and angle region of the mandible.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.21.1.2 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Elevation of the mandible; it also contributes to protrusion.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.21.1 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
It elevates the mandible, and its posterior fibers retrude the mandible.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.21.2 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
On the medial surface of the ramus and angle region of the mandible.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.21.3 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
It helps close the mandible; unilateral contraction may assist lateral movement.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.21.3 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
It protrudes the mandible and assists lateral movement and opening.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.21.4 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and digastric.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.22 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The paired mylohyoid muscles join in the midline to form most of the muscular floor of the mouth.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.22.1 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Between the genial tubercles of the mandible and the hyoid bone.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.22.2 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The hyoid bone must be stabilized by muscles below it.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.22 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Natural teeth and alveolar processes support the lips and cheeks; without replacement, the facial muscles can collapse inward and appearance and function suffer.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.23 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Orbicularis oris encircles the mouth and closes the lips.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.24 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Levator labii superioris elevates the upper lip.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.23, 3.25 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Zygomaticus major draws the mouth corner upward and laterally.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.23, 3.26 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Risorius draws the mouth corner laterally.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.23, 3.28 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
It compresses the cheek and helps control the food bolus; its activity influences denture flange and polished-surface contours.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.23, 3.32 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Orbicularis oris forms the entrance, buccinators form the sides, and mylohyoids form the floor.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.34.1 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Attached gingiva is tightly bound to bone; alveolar mucosa is mobile because it is loosely attached.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.35.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The vestibule is the potential space between the teeth or residual ridge and the internal surfaces of the lips, cheeks, or tongue.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.23, 3.36 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The maxillary tuberosity is the most distal or posterior portion of the maxillary alveolar ridge.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The pterygomaxillary or hamular notch is a guide for determining the posterior border of a maxillary denture.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The incisive papilla is raised tissue over the incisive foramen behind the maxillary central incisors; it is a stable guide to midline and anterior tooth position.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.5 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Palatal rugae are found in the anterior one-third of the hard palate.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.6 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The vibrating line is the functional line of flexion between the relatively immobile hard palate and mobile soft palate.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.8 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The palatine foveae are paired depressions near the midline and vibrating line produced by groupings of minor palatine salivary glands.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.9 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Frena are mobile mucosal folds; the border must accommodate their movement without displacement or injury.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.10-3.37.11, 3.38.5 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
It helps locate the occlusal plane, remains relatively stable after extraction, and provides bilateral distal support for a mandibular denture.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.38.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The buccal shelf is a ledge buccal to the mandibular residual ridge in the premolar and molar regions and is an important denture-support area.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.38.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
On the buccal surface of the mandible between and slightly below the root tips of the first and second premolars.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.38.4.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The foramen may lie near the crest; pressure can compress the exiting nerve and cause loss of feeling in the lower lip.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.38.4.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The retromylohyoid space is the posterior one-third of the lingual sulcus area.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.38.7 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Intrinsic tongue muscles form the substance of the tongue and change its shape.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.39.1, 3.39.2.1 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Extrinsic tongue muscles arise outside the tongue and move the tongue's mass from place to place.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.39.1, 3.39.2.2 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Tongue forces can either stabilize or dislodge the prosthesis depending on the lingual surfaces and borders.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.39.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Stensen's or the parotid duct opens in the maxillary buccal vestibule opposite the second molar, usually at the parotid papilla.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.1.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The submandibular gland.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.1.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Beneath the floor-of-mouth mucosa, above the mylohyoid muscles, with each gland resting in a sublingual fossa.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.1.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The glenoid fossa and articular eminence of the temporal bone and the condyle of the mandible.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.42.1 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The glenoid or mandibular fossa is a deep hollow on the undersurface of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.43 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The articular eminence is a ramp-shaped prominence extending forward and downward from the anterior boundary of the glenoid fossa.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.44 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
They leave their fossae and move onto the articular eminences.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.44 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The articular disc is a tough, flexible fibrocartilage pad that absorbs shock and travels with the condyle.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.46 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The upper cavity lies between the disc and temporal bone; the lower cavity lies between the disc and mandibular condyle.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.47 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Cells of the synovial membrane lining the synovial cavities.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.48 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
It holds the disc in place, retains synovial fluid in the joint compartments, and helps prevent mandibular dislocation.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.49 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The stylomandibular ligament inserts on the posterior ramus near the angle; the sphenomandibular ligament inserts near the lingula at the mandibular foramen.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.50 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The long axis is the longitudinal center line of the body or structure.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.2.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
All describe relatively small, somewhat circular bony elevations; their specific names must be learned with each landmark.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.4.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
A canal is a tubular passage through bone; its entrance or exit opening is a foramen.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.5.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The ellipsoidal joint between the occipital bone and first cervical vertebra.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.6.3 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The vault is the arched roof of the cranial cavity; the base is its floor.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.8 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The maxillae, palatine bones, zygomas, lacrimal bones, nasal bones, and inferior conchae are paired.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.9 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The mastoid process.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.13.1 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The styloid process.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.13.2 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.13.3 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The auditory canal, also called the external auditory meatus.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.13.6 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
A central body, paired greater wings, paired lesser wings, and paired pterygoid processes.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.14 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The spine of the sphenoid.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.14.2, 3.50.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The depression between the two bony plates forming a pterygoid process.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.14.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.14.3, 3.21.3-3.21.4 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The nasal or frontal, zygomatic, alveolar, and palatine processes.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.15 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
A portion of the lateral wall of the nose.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.15.1 · NBC: Facial and cranial skeletal anatomy
The right and left maxillary alveolar processes unite to form the arch.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.15.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The canine or cuspid eminence, formed by prominent labial bone over the maxillary canine root.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.15.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The relationship between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid forms the notch.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.15.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The midline junction of the right and left palatine processes of the maxillae.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.15.4 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Nerves and blood vessels supplying the palatal tissue pass through it.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.15.4 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The junction where the horizontal plates of the palatine bones meet the posterior borders of the maxillary palatine processes.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.16.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The mental protuberance.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.7.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The ridge crosses the external mandibular body and forms a ledge with the alveolar process; that ledge is the buccal shelf.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.7.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The inferior alveolar nerve travels in the canal and becomes the mental nerve after exiting.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.7.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The mylohyoid ridge, also called the internal oblique line.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.8.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The genial tubercles.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.8.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The sublingual fossa.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.8.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
A bony prominence on the anterior border of the mandibular foramen.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.8.5 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The digastric foveae near the inferior lingual border.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.18.8.6, 3.22.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Origin is the relatively stationary attachment, insertion is the attachment moving more, and action is the movement produced.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.20.3 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
One muscle or group contracts to oppose the action produced by another; muscles pull rather than push.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.20.2 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The anterior belly attaches to the digastric fovea; the posterior belly attaches to the mastoid process, with an intermediate tendon associated with the hyoid.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.22.3 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The levator anguli oris.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.27 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The depressor labii inferioris.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.29 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The mentalis.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.31 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
The platysma.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.33 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Firmly attached mucosa provides a stable surface, while tissue over active muscles moves and can displace or be injured by the prosthesis.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.34.2-3.34.3 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
At the neck of a tooth, forming a narrow band distinct from attached gingiva.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.35.1.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The mucogingival junction.
Reference: AFM-V1 Figure 3.17 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
After teeth are extracted, the socket-bearing alveolar process remains as the alveolar or residual ridge and gradually resorbs.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.1, 3.38.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The hard palate is bone-supported and relatively stable; the soft palate is muscular, unsupported by bone, and mobile.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.4 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
A slight midline tissue elevation over the median palatine suture.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.7 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Its position is an approximate mucosal fold and does not reliably define the facial midline in an edentulous arch.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.10 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
One on each side of the arch, commonly in the first-premolar regions.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.11 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The labial sulcus lies between labial and buccal frena; the buccal sulcus extends from the buccal frenum to the pterygomaxillary notch.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.37.12 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Approximately two-thirds of the way up the height of each retromolar pad.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.38.2.1 · NBC: Occlusal requirements
Space intentionally provided between the denture's tissue surface and soft tissue to reduce or eliminate pressure.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.38.4.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Mylohyoid contraction, tongue movement, and swallowing continuously change the floor's relationship to the residual ridge.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.38.7 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Transverse, superior longitudinal, vertical, and inferior longitudinal muscles.
Reference: AFM-V1 Figure 3.23 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
Genioglossus, styloglossus, and hyoglossus.
Reference: AFM-V1 Figure 3.24 · NBC: Muscles of mastication and facial expression
In front of and below the ears.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.1.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The parotid papilla in the maxillary buccal vestibule opposite the second molar.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.1.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Between the mandible and midline, mostly below and partly above the posterior edge of the mylohyoid.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.1.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
The sublingual duct may open independently on the floor of the mouth or join the submandibular duct.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Elevated mucosal lines beside the lingual frenum where sublingual and submandibular ducts open.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.40.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Beneath the mucosa of the posterior hard and soft palates, especially behind a line between the first molars.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.41 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
During ordinary hinge opening the condyle remains in the fossa; during protrusion the condyle and disc move onto the articular eminence.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.42.2-3.46 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
Around the rim of the glenoid fossa and articular eminence, to the disc edges, and around the condylar rim.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.49.1 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
As an anterior thickening of the capsule rather than a separate ligament.
Reference: AFM-V1 3.49.2 · NBC: Basic anatomic landmarks
After completing the cards, use the Open-Response Recall Practice without notes.
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reviewedhave been checked against the proofread AFM text but remain subject to final technical approval before packaging as a public.apkgdeck.